Baling
Summary
Biomass consisting of straw, hay or forest waste, which is collected in a loose form, is characterised with low density, therefore it is difficult and time-consuming to use. Transportation of such materials is uneconomical due to the fact that the vehicle's capacity is insufficiently used. Moreover, larger room is needed for the storing of this sort of material. Capacity reduction (i.e. the increase of density) of straw, hay or forest waste is achieved by pressing with balers.Depending on the shape of the press chamber, balers can be divided into two groups:
- square,
- round (rolling).
- low density square balers,
- high density square balers.
In the case of low density square balers, the width of the press chamber and the width of the pick-up device is the same. The material in square balers is formed in the shape of cubical bales. The density of bales ranges between 40 and 100 kg/m3. Balers of this sort are rarely used nowadays. When using high density square balers, a density of about 200 kg/m3 can be achieved, which enables the better use of vehicle and storehouse capacities. Depending on the size of the cross section of the press chamber these balers can be subdivided into two groups: those that form small bales (the cross section of the press chamber is about 0.18 m2) and those forming large bales, the so called large size balers (the cross section of the press chamber is about 0.7 m2). Round balers are characterised with the simple construction of the pressing unit and a simple twine binding device. The material is formed into cylinder-shaped bales. Round balers are divided into:
- balers with variable chamber,
- balers with fixed chamber,
- balers making bales on the surface of a field.
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